Age & Gender Distribution
Estonia — population share by age and gender (%)
- Male
- Female
Estonia — Health, Education & Rights Data
Latest available figures from UN agencies. The year of each figure is shown, since surveys are not run every year.
Population
- Annual population growth
- -0.4%2025
- Total fertility rateBirths per woman
- 1.182024
- Life expectancy at birth
- 79.3 yrs2024
- Life expectancy, female
- 83.7 yrs2024
- Life expectancy, male
- 75.1 yrs2024
- Birth ratePer 1,000 people
- 7.12024
- Death ratePer 1,000 people
- 11.52024
- Infant mortalityPer 1,000 live births
- 1.52024
- Urban population
- 70.7%2025
Source: UN Population Division, World Population Prospects 2024
Sexual & Reproductive Health
- Maternal mortality ratioDeaths per 100,000 live births
- 52023
- Births attended by skilled health personnel
- 99.6%2020
- Adolescent birth rateBirths per 1,000 girls aged 15–19
- 4.72024
- Universal health coverage service index
- 79 / 1002023
- New HIV infections, all agesPer 1,000 uninfected people
- 0.102024
Source: UN MMEIG (WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank), UNICEF/WHO, WHO, UNAIDS
Family Planning
- Contraceptive prevalence, any method
- 75.1%2014
- Contraceptive prevalence, modern methods
- 60.9%2014
- Unmet need for family planning
- 9.3%2014
Source: UN Population Division (women aged 15–49)
Education
- Net enrolment rate, primary
- 93.7%2017
- Net enrolment rate, secondary
- 94.4%2017
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Gender, Rights & Human Capital
- Intimate partner violence, past 12 monthsEver-partnered women aged 15–49
- 4.0%2012
Source: UNFPA, WHO / UN Women / UNICEF (violence estimates)
Understanding Estonia's Population
Estonia is the 115th most populous country in the world, with an estimated population of 1,300,000 people as of today. This figure is an estimate — it starts from the most recent official count and advances second by second using Estonia's annual growth rate of -0.43%.
The population is declining. At the current rate, Estonia adds or loses roughly 15 people per day. With a land area of 1,000,000 km², it is sparsely populated (1 people per km²).
The "Births Today" and "Deaths Today" figures are estimates based on annualized rates prorated to the time elapsed since midnight. The age and gender distribution reflects the most recent demographic profile available. For how these figures are computed, see our Methodology page.